Source: Neiman, S., and DeVoe, J.F. (2009).
Crime, Violence, Discipline, and Safety in U.S. Public Schools: Findings From the School Survey on Crime and Safety: 2007–08 (NCES 2009-326). National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC. Available at
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2009/2009326.pdf
Note: Although rural schools generally have fewer reported incidents of disciplinary behaviors than other schools, some rural schools — especially schools with significant percentages of students of color — have high rates of student suspension and expulsion for minor disciplinary actions.
See RPM, January 2009.