More children attend rural schools in Texas than in any other state (more than three quarters of a million), yet its rural enrollment comprises less than 18% of the total student population. Socioeconomic challenges are critical concerns for rural education in Texas, as are large numbers of English Language Learners and the nation’s largest minority enrollment. Transportation costs are proportionally low compared to instructional spending, and school and district size is slightly below average, but revenue distribution is relatively inequitable and instructional salaries are low. Texas ranks 13th in the country in need of rural education attention and improvement.